Primary Sources:

 Cardano, Girolamo. The Book of My Life. New York, New York: Review Book, 1575. Girolamo was the first person to believe that the deaf were not intellectually challenged and that they could be taught to communicate through hand signals.  His book allowed us to better understand the reasons for his contributions to the development of sign language.

“Hand Signals.” Scuba Diving. 25 Oct. 2002.  1 Feb. 2005 <http://www.geocities.com/Yosemite/4280/ScuDiv.html>.

This site was used to retrieve a picture of the Chart of American Finger Spelling which is located on our "Home Page".  This chart displays the finger symbols for the alphabet and numbers one through ten.

How to Communicate Underwater When Scuba Diving.  1 Feb. 2005 <http://www.ehow.com/how_7452_communicate‑underwater‑scuba.html>.

This website was used to retrieve the picture that we display on our page “Everyday Sign Language”.   It gives our visitors a visual picture of how sign language is used with the sport of scuba diving, even without being hearing impaired.

Le Cavalier, Jason. World Around You.  9 Oct. 2004 <http://clerccenter.gallaudet.edu/WorldAroundYou/may‑jun97/secondplace2.html>.

On this website, Jason Le Cavalier describes what life is like being deaf. This was very helpful for us to learn, through a person’s real words, what it is like to be deaf.

Paterson, Keith. Silverhairs.  21 Nov. 2004 <http://silverhairs.co.uk/help.htm>.

This website had information about how the deaf can use and learn sign language, and how Keith uses sign language in his daily life.  This showed that sign language is the best form of communication because it showed how Keith used it in his daily life to communicate with the world around him.

World Around You.  23 Nov. 2004 <http://clerccenter.gallaudet.edu/WorldAroundYou/interveiw.html#profile>.

 This website had interviews with deaf people.  These interviews had great information on what living and communicating with sign language is like.

Secondary Sources:

Alexander Graham Bell. Photograph. N.d. 3 Mar. 2005 <http://www.electronicscotland.com>.

          We used this picture of Alexander Graham Bell on our "Famous Signers" page. This picture and the information that was with it helped us enhance our website.  He was a non-deaf person that used sign language to teach and communicate.

“American Sign Language Technology Wilmington Campus.” Delaware Tech.  28 Feb. 2005 <http://www.dtcc.edu/wilmington/asl/>. This website was used to provide us with technology information, specific to formal Sign Language Interpreter organizations and training.

Armstrong, David F. Original Signs. Washington D.C.: Gallaudet UP, 1999.

             Original Signs helped us understand the sources of sign language and the influence that it has on the world.

Deaf and HOH Culture Information.  3 Oct. 2004 <http://members.aol.com/cultureinfo/deafhistory.htm>.

This webpage tells us about the lives of some of the major people who contributed to the sign language world up to the 1900’s.  This information was then used to enrich the information on our "Developers of Sign Language" page.

“Deafness/ Hard of Hearing.” About. My Yahoo; XML.  3 Feb. 2005 <http://deafness.about.com/cs/celebfeauters/a/curtispride.htm>.

This webpage gave us very useful information and a picture on Curtis Pride.  This information is shown on our “Famous Signers” page.

Deaf Heritage: A Narrative History of Deaf America. Silver Spring, MD: National Association of the Deaf, 1981.

          This book was great at explaining how sign language has changed and the timeline of sign language in America.  It was also useful for its interviews and biography of important deaf people.  This information was used throughout our website to back up our thesis statement.

Dictionaries and ASL Lesson.” FCPS Instructional Services: High School Instruction & K‑12 Curriculum Services.  3 Mar. 2005 <http://www.fcps.k12.va.us/DIS/OHSICS/forlang/amslan.htm>. This website provided us with numerous sources of information on technology such as games, videos and computerized flashcards for learning sign language.

Dr. Gass Is Foundation’s 2001 Helen Keller Laureate.  3 Feb. 2005 <http://www.helenkellerfoundation.org/7‑12‑01/content.html>.

          Helen Keller was a motivational signer and speaker and influenced the world around her.  This was important for us to put on our “Famous Signers” page.

 Duckler, Max. “Rights of Deaf + Hard of Hearing under the American Disabilities.” Captioned Not Captioned.  28 Feb. 2005 <http://www.captions.com/deafrigh.html>.

 From this website we got information about the different laws used in the ADA.  We could then use this information to connect to the discrimination of the deaf and connect sign language to history.  This website talks about the different laws used in the ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) which is a law that prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities, including deaf and hearing impaired people.  There are 4 sections in the law: employment, government, public recommendations, and telecommunications.  Each section of the ADA lists services that should be provided for deaf individuals.  The ADA adds more protections for handicapped persons that were enacted with the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.

Gannon, Jack R. Deaf Heritage. Silver Spring, Maryland: National Association of the Deaf, 1981.

            This book contained information about deaf culture and sign language.  It was especially useful for its timeline and primary sources listed (i.e. quotes, speeches and lists of books) that we could use to gather more information.

Jacobs, Stevens. The Electronic Curb‑Cut.  9 Oct. 2004 <http://www.icdri.org/technolgy/ecceff.htm>.

 This website gave us information about items that have been invented to help the deaf and hearing impaired use sign language to communicate and understand the world around them.  This information was used on our "Sign Language Technology" page.

Koko. Photograph. N.d. 3 Mar. 2005 <http://www.primates.com/gorillas/koko.jpg>.

This picture of Koko is featured on our "Everyday Sign Language" page. It compliments the information on Koko and his trainer Dr. Penny Patterson.

Lang, Harry, and Bonnie Meath‑Lang. Deaf Persons in the Art + Science. Connecticut: Greenwood, 1995.

 This book was extremely useful in picking out deaf people to mention in our website and the certain topics that we needed to research more in-depth.

Maintenance Optimization. Library of Excerpts.  16 Dec. 2004 <http://www.humanevolution.net/a/signlanguage.html>.

This gave us some information towards the evolution of sign language. It tells whether a vocal language or sign language evolved first, and how each is used today.

Norton, Kenneth W. The Eagle Soars to Enlightenment. Fremont, CA: Donald Parodi Memorial Charitable Trust, n.d. This book was used to give us background information on the deaf culture.

Podmore, Ron. Signs in Success: Profiles of Deaf Americans. Hillsboro, OR: Butte Publications, 1995.

 Short biographies of Marlee Matlin (actress), Philip Bravin (IBM Manager), Mary Lou Novitsky (Deaf Mosaic Host), I. King Jordan (President, Gallaudet), and Greg Hlikbok (Financial Consultant).  These biographies further helped us understand the deaf culture.

“Sign Language Glove.” USA Today.  3 Feb. 2005 <http://www.usatoday.com/ tech/news/techinnovations/2003‑08‑04‑glove_x.htm>.

website.  This glove is posted on our “Inventions That Help Communication Through Sign Language” page.  The Glove helps signers communicate through the computer.

“Take Me to the ASL Browser.” American Sign Language Browser.  28 Feb. 2005 <http://commtechlab.msu.edu/sites/aslweb/index.html>. This website was a resource for looking up American Sign Language signs and helped us learn additional interesting things.  This website also provided us with information regarding technology for the hearing impaired.

The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. Raising Deaf Kids.  30 Sept. 2004 http://www.raisingdeafkids.org.

            This site provided information about how sign language is used for many different activities.  This helped us prove that sign language is the most effective form of communication because it showed how different people use sign language in different ways everyday.

Two People Communicating. Photograph. N.d. 7 Feb. 2005 <http://www.sdcity.edu/academic/Languages/amsl/signing.jpg>

            This website contained a great picture of a couple of people communicating through sign language.

Van Cleve, John Vickrey, and Barry A. Crouch. A Place of Their Own ‑ Creating the Deaf Community in America. 1989. Washington, DC: Gallaudet UP, 1993. This book was used to give us some background information on the deaf culture.

“What Is Sorenson VRS?” Sorenson VRS. Gallaudet Interpreting Service.  3 Feb. 2005 <http://www.sorensonvrs.com/what/index.php>.

This website provided an easy‑to‑follow picture/diagram which showed how a VRS works.

 “Your Baby Is Trying to Tell You Something.” Signing with Your Baby.  1 Feb. 2005 <http://www.signingbabies.net>.

This photograph is displayed under section “Everyday Sign Language” page.  It is a wonderful example of how intently a baby looks at its mother while they are communicating with each other.